預防HPV的方法

HPV 疫苗:
注射HPV疫苗後可大幅下降患上HPV及其有關癌症。英國在2008年開始對年輕女孩進行HPV疫苗接種計劃,發現可大幅下降患上子宮頸癌和CIN3(最晚期的前體病變)的機會。 在已實施疫苗接種計畫的國家,經過 5 至 8 年的HPV疫苗接種,13-19 歲女孩的 HPV 感染率下降了 83%,20-24 歲女性的HPV感染率下降了 66%。此外, 在哥斯大黎加的一項臨床試驗中發現HPV疫苗可以有效保護口腔,防止受到HPV感染而導致口腔癌。
定期接受子宮頸癌篩查:可提早發現癌前病變,及時治療,避免發展成癌症。
使用安全套:
可避免因直接接觸而減低感染HPV機會。
避免有多個性伴侶: 大部分HPV是透過性接觸傳染,較少性伴侶可減低感染HPV的機會。
避免吸煙:
香煙中的焦油和尼古丁具有免疫抑製作用,使人類的免疫系統功能下降,增加感染HPV病毒的機會。此外,研究表明,吸煙可增加細胞增生從而導至HPV病毒增生和複製,加速病情。根據一項調查顯示, 吸煙女性比不吸煙女性受到HPV感染時間更長,清除率較低。因此,可增加癌前病變的機會。所以,避免吸煙可預防HPV。
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